Chronicle List

Academic Libraries That Spent the Most on Subscriptions

By Chronicle Staff

March 17, 2019

Twenty-two public universities and 18 four-year private nonprofit colleges spent more than $10 million on subscriptions to scholarly journals and other serial titles in 2016-17. Such subscriptions represented nearly a third of all expenditures at academic libraries.

We're sorry. Something went wrong.

We are unable to fully display the content of this page.

The most likely cause of this is a content blocker on your computer or network.

Please allow access to our site, and then refresh this page. You may then be asked to log in, create an account if you don't already have one, or subscribe.

If you continue to experience issues, please contact us at 202-466-1032 or help@chronicle.com

4-year public institutions

Rank	Institution	Total number of physical and electronic serial titles	Percentage of serial titles that are electronic	Continuing commitments to subscriptions	Subscription commitments as percentage of all library expenditures
1.	U. of Michigan at Ann Arbor	472,014	42.3%	$16,971,662	20.2%
2.	Pennsylvania State U. at University Park	244,993	65.3%	$16,946,057	24.7%
3.	Texas A&M U. at College Station	206,814	96.4%	$16,351,054	34.5%
4.	U. of Iowa*	-	-	$15,529,184	39.2%
5.	U. of Minnesota-Twin Cities	443,405	65.5%	$14,500,176	29.2%
6.	U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign	317,773	38.6%	$13,931,586	29.8%
7.	U. of California at Berkeley	441,351	29.8%	$13,665,716	19.2%
8.	U. of Pittsburgh main campus	337,491	67.7%	$13,659,816	36.2%
9.	Michigan State U.	304,518	55.5%	$13,410,842	38.0%
10.	Ohio State U.	202,387	26.7%	$13,156,523	24.7%
11.	Purdue U. at West Lafayette	167,576	73.2%	$13,143,750	40.7%
12.	U. of Washington	357,925	50.6%	$12,880,258	25.0%
13.	U. of Tennessee at Knoxville	186,478	68.2%	$12,098,956	46.7%
14.	U. of Georgia	180,610	64.4%	$11,962,103	36.7%
15.	U. of Florida	147,174	98.7%	$11,784,946	31.8%
16.	U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	247,288	73.1%	$11,521,373	25.8%
17.	U. of Arizona	235,359	96.5%	$11,408,373	32.4%
18.	Indiana U. at Bloomington	264,897	42.1%	$11,317,619	24.3%
19.	U. of Texas at Austin	716,500	63.6%	$11,135,244	20.6%
20.	U. of Virginia	193,020	96.1%	$11,081,973	23.9%
21.	U. of Houston	134,294	65.8%	$10,540,511	41.1%
22.	U. of Alabama at Tuscaloosa	199,515	99.8%	$10,428,605	47.8%
23.	U. of Cincinnati	273,245	62.3%	$9,961,500	46.6%
24.	Arizona State U.	149,347	50.7%	$9,952,181	32.3%
25.	Wayne State U.	173,353	64.9%	$9,934,977	51.9%
26.	U. of Maryland at College Park	127,725	86.3%	$9,655,703	32.9%
27.	U. of Connecticut*	192,815	76.1%	$9,563,584	36.9%
28.	Virginia Commonwealth U.	385,845	31.9%	$9,459,891	38.3%
29.	Iowa State U.	121,125	78.7%	$9,414,102	43.2%
30.	U. of California at Los Angeles	123,111	92.8%	$9,399,802	13.2%
31.	U. of Wisconsin at Madison	367,103	15.7%	$9,371,912	29.9%
32.	U. at Buffalo	177,630	98.7%	$9,188,663	41.9%
33.	Rutgers U. at New Brunswick	226,956	71.0%	$9,123,845	25.9%
34.	U. of Colorado at Boulder	294,832	68.0%	$9,118,867	38.3%
35.	U. of New Mexico	172,243	55.1%	$9,073,932	34.8%
36.	U. of Louisville	92,847	97.7%	$9,017,516	48.9%
37.	U. of Kentucky	214,400	76.4%	$8,943,477	33.7%
38.	Temple U.	155,697	24.4%	$8,934,131	35.6%
39.	U. of Missouri at Columbia	177,668	56.2%	$8,836,779	43.2%
40.	U. of South Carolina at Columbia	92,529	20.9%	$8,823,355	34.4%
41.	U. of Hawaii-Manoa	81,153	72.6%	$8,749,407	40.5%
42.	U. of Mississippi	148,725	72.3%	$8,696,622	50.6%
43.	Texas Tech U.	149,993	98.6%	$8,636,906	38.5%
44.	U. of Oklahoma at Norman	200,223	64.4%	$8,623,123	43.4%
45.	North Carolina State U.	105,363	55.3%	$8,482,536	27.7%
46.	George Mason U.	190,953	99.4%	$8,307,186	35.2%
47.	U. of Delaware	87,069	98.4%	$8,281,118	34.0%
48.	Stony Brook U.	191,899	99.4%	$8,227,097	52.8%
49.	U. of Nebraska at Lincoln	169,812	45.4%	$7,943,863	44.5%
50.	U. of Utah*	-	-	$7,860,349	31.2%
51.	U. of California at San Diego	188,147	64.6%	$7,788,309	24.1%
52.	U. of California at Irvine	150,736	97.0%	$7,664,314	28.5%
53.	Clemson U.	113,850	72.5%	$7,643,523	48.7%
54.	Oklahoma State U. at Stillwater	848,015	94.5%	$7,603,048	35.5%
55.	Georgia Institute of Technology	42,620	69.5%	$7,588,763	49.3%
56.	Virginia Tech	280,058	84.4%	$7,560,225	32.6%
57.	U. of Kansas	288,514	42.2%	$7,547,209	31.4%
58.	U. of California at Davis	130,161	0.0%	$7,441,265	28.1%
59.	Florida International U.	175,607	63.6%	$7,277,781	37.6%
60.	U. of Illinois at Chicago*	61,000	100.0%	$7,186,022	39.4%
61.	Colorado State U. at Fort Collins	126,317	68.0%	$7,095,566	38.6%
62.	Auburn U.	159,527	52.2%	$7,082,833	45.7%
63.	Louisiana State U. at Baton Rouge	486,036	0.0%	$7,033,150	47.6%
64.	Florida State U.	285,071	78.9%	$6,995,478	33.6%
65.	U. of Massachusetts at Amherst	98,199	97.4%	$6,973,521	34.1%
66.	U. of South Florida	65,360	99.3%	$6,909,913	40.2%
67.	U. of Central Florida	68,937	98.9%	$6,729,484	38.5%
68.	U. of Nevada at Las Vegas	83,065	76.2%	$6,636,952	30.2%
69.	U. of Vermont	139,675	68.9%	$6,565,840	41.4%
70.	West Virginia U.	152,893	63.2%	$6,491,650	41.1%
71.	Washington State U.	186,401	51.0%	$6,384,339	44.9%
72.	Western Michigan U.	165,028	48.6%	$6,371,577	40.6%
73.	U. of New Hampshire	122,568	69.0%	$6,250,006	45.1%
74.	Georgia State U.	111,271	72.8%	$6,229,876	42.2%
75.	U. of North Texas	188,090	89.5%	$6,195,391	31.6%
76.	U. of Colorado at Denver	114,541	90.3%	$6,162,566	38.4%
77.	Texas Tech U. Health Sciences Center	50,064	98.6%	$6,139,795	62.1%
78.	Indiana U.-Purdue U. at Indianapolis	293,409	96.3%	$5,857,363	28.6%
79.	U. of Arkansas at Fayetteville	83,376	92.6%	$5,784,156	36.2%
80.	Binghamton U.	229,896	59.9%	$5,707,640	45.8%
81.	U. of Wyoming	185,908	72.2%	$5,699,572	40.7%
82.	U. of Maine at Orono	196,498	66.5%	$5,611,272	57.8%
83.	Kansas State U.	166,166	68.8%	$5,574,161	34.4%
84.	U. of Oregon	236,547	68.7%	$5,566,344	23.0%
85.	Texas State U.	175,660	82.7%	$5,332,874	30.1%
86.	Mississippi State U.	232,677	99.3%	$5,256,331	38.0%
87.	Southern Illinois U. at Carbondale	510,454	11.5%	$5,217,360	40.7%
88.	U. at Albany	508,735	24.0%	$5,082,606	41.0%
89.	East Carolina U.	100,033	91.7%	$5,070,083	25.3%
90.	U. of Nevada at Reno	146,163	81.2%	$5,052,540	33.5%
91.	Utah State U.	118,942	62.5%	$5,024,072	48.7%
92.	Ohio U.	154,065	53.0%	$4,884,311	33.6%
93.	Montana State U. at Bozeman*	18,680	-	$4,865,436	54.4%
94.	U. of Alabama at Birmingham	245,728	19.2%	$4,777,277	44.6%
95.	U. of Texas at Arlington	188,135	84.6%	$4,752,266	35.3%
96.	Oregon State U.	128,969	69.0%	$4,588,673	30.5%
97.	U. of Texas at San Antonio	93,066	99.5%	$4,582,694	35.0%
98.	U. of California at Santa Barbara	179,897	33.2%	$4,420,677	22.7%
99.	Rowan U.	132,987	97.7%	$4,379,594	53.2%
100.	U. of California at Riverside	118,226	97.9%	$4,210,118	24.4%
101.	U. of Maryland-Baltimore County	41,801	34.2%	$3,940,282	47.7%
102.	College of William & Mary	173,300	76.7%	$3,915,803	30.4%
103.	U. of North Dakota	31,443	96.1%	$3,821,444	47.4%
104.	U. of North Carolina at Charlotte	119,418	77.8%	$3,800,161	31.4%
105.	Central Michigan U.	122,033	91.2%	$3,776,140	38.5%
106.	U. of Massachusetts at Worcester	14,412	36.0%	$3,753,910	55.1%
107.	U. of Idaho	170,716	83.9%	$3,684,355	52.8%
108.	Oregon Health & Science U.	37,436	83.6%	$3,632,628	43.5%
109.	Old Dominion U.	102,044	85.8%	$3,593,195	38.8%
110.	U. of Memphis	474,877	99.9%	$3,519,764	46.1%
111.	Illinois State U.	37,460	0.0%	$3,511,192	36.7%
112.	U. of Montana at Missoula	84,313	82.2%	$3,420,623	49.6%
113.	Oakland U.	63,159	94.2%	$3,365,798	38.7%
114.	James Madison U.	12,563	95.2%	$3,359,670	27.3%
115.	Portland State U.	85,772	100.0%	$3,346,721	40.5%
116.	Wright State U.	51,623	99.2%	$3,339,490	39.0%
117.	Northern Illinois U.	100,751	96.0%	$3,336,914	38.1%
118.	Grand Valley State U.	83,030	94.8%	$3,310,999	31.8%
119.	Middle Tennessee State U.	103,256	89.5%	$3,307,958	32.6%
120.	U. of Rhode Island	151,190	77.4%	$3,287,674	30.8%
121.	Miami U. (Ohio)	325,291	87.3%	$3,251,906	31.7%
122.	North Dakota State U.	263,909	34.9%	$3,157,803	49.5%
123.	U. of South Alabama	418,492	99.9%	$3,146,657	43.9%
124.	U. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas	20,699	100.0%	$3,136,407	62.4%
125.	U. of Toledo	88,306	94.3%	$3,038,993	35.2%
126.	U. of Texas-Rio Grande Valley	9,810	47.2%	$3,030,758	37.8%
127.	Appalachian State U.	139,096	89.8%	$3,000,851	26.9%
128.	U. of Texas at Dallas	72,396	98.1%	$2,973,035	37.7%
129.	Boise State U.	93,886	85.7%	$2,972,381	38.6%
130.	U. of Akron	180,659	87.3%	$2,929,913	44.7%
131.	Michigan Technological U.	138,814	89.9%	$2,878,196	54.7%
132.	Florida Atlantic U.	134,721	78.3%	$2,869,217	31.7%
133.	U. of Maryland at Baltimore	126,528	89.2%	$2,862,716	28.1%
134.	California State U. at Northridge	136,285	76.7%	$2,854,853	27.6%
135.	New Mexico State U. at Las Cruces	209,355	75.0%	$2,826,802	38.0%
136.	U. of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center	18,165	47.9%	$2,768,519	59.3%
137.	San Diego State U.	137,249	67.1%	$2,766,608	19.8%
138.	U. of Wisconsin at Milwaukee	174,368	79.0%	$2,696,197	37.5%
139.	San Jose State U.	181,562	79.3%	$2,674,434	26.7%
140.	Idaho State U.	29,237	54.9%	$2,652,151	48.7%
141.	U. of California at Santa Cruz	110,806	60.1%	$2,643,565	21.4%
142.	Sam Houston State U.	376,812	95.5%	$2,573,383	43.2%
143.	Georgia Southern U.	109,941	86.4%	$2,546,089	40.9%
144.	U. of Texas at El Paso	116,891	86.9%	$2,533,686	35.8%
145.	North Carolina A&T State U.	156,699	90.0%	$2,530,398	44.4%
146.	West Chester U. of Pennsylvania	125,719	99.3%	$2,528,555	32.1%
147.	U. of Nebraska at Omaha	167,439	89.7%	$2,504,674	38.7%
148.	U. of Massachusetts at Lowell	5,641	0.0%	$2,499,287	57.0%
149.	U. of Missouri at Kansas City	116,006	89.0%	$2,480,359	25.9%
150.	U. of Texas Medical Branch	46,544	91.0%	$2,475,236	41.5%
151.	U. of North Carolina at Greensboro	110,329	82.3%	$2,464,648	22.0%
152.	California State U. at Long Beach	106,213	83.9%	$2,424,045	32.8%
153.	Florida A&M U.	410,817	96.2%	$2,409,074	46.7%
154.	U. of South Dakota	74,266	92.9%	$2,386,677	49.8%
155.	U. of North Carolina at Wilmington	76,668	93.8%	$2,344,284	35.8%
156.	Western Kentucky U.	56,009	98.8%	$2,343,718	25.4%
157.	Eastern Michigan U.	38,305	99.4%	$2,321,782	29.3%
158.	U. of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio	39,792	96.7%	$2,316,808	60.5%
159.	Augusta U.	101,276	85.9%	$2,298,088	44.7%
160.	Rutgers U. at Newark	66,444	0.0%	$2,245,565	21.3%
161.	Bowling Green State U., Main Campus	89,072	99.1%	$2,237,569	31.1%
162.	U. of Northern Colorado	105,481	81.4%	$2,220,433	31.0%
163.	College of Charleston	84,016	99.4%	$2,204,918	32.6%
164.	San Francisco State U.	56,884	92.2%	$2,187,097	25.9%
165.	Northern Arizona U.	99,910	93.8%	$2,174,090	34.4%
166.	U. of Massachusetts at Boston	67,354	85.7%	$2,144,275	43.8%
167.	Kent State U. at Kent	102,149	63.4%	$2,121,564	15.6%
168.	U. of Southern Mississippi	155,219	84.9%	$2,107,600	34.0%
169.	California State U. at Fullerton	100,507	95.0%	$2,104,337	30.0%
170.	U. of Alaska at Fairbanks	80,481	53.9%	$2,085,611	32.8%
171.	Missouri State U.	3,144	91.3%	$2,077,719	30.7%
172.	U. of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center	12,131	96.4%	$2,060,225	50.2%
173.	U. of Tennessee Health Science Center at Memphis	12,809	78.9%	$2,031,493	59.5%
174.	City U. of New York Hunter College	109,567	96.4%	$2,031,392	32.5%
175.	Louisiana State U. Health Sciences Center at Shreveport	9,770	63.6%	$2,030,458	62.3%
176.	Arkansas State U. at Jonesboro	113,797	86.6%	$2,017,861	43.6%
177.	Wichita State U.	128,861	73.4%	$2,008,665	35.4%
178.	East Tennessee State U.	52,030	76.8%	$2,001,095	38.2%
179.	Lamar U.	90,125	52.6%	$1,984,313	47.6%
180.	Towson U.	68,243	87.3%	$1,978,165	32.3%
181.	U. of Missouri at St. Louis	663,958	97.0%	$1,960,190	34.7%
182.	Tennessee State U.	959	37.2%	$1,945,533	42.7%
183.	Louisiana State U. Health Sciences Center-New Orleans	8,036	38.2%	$1,909,283	49.7%
184.	U. of Alaska at Anchorage	100,009	82.7%	$1,907,198	27.1%
185.	California State U. at Fresno	83,964	84.2%	$1,897,994	25.2%
186.	U. of Nebraska Medical Center	23,252	34.5%	$1,885,595	40.1%
187.	Minnesota State U. at Mankato	81,509	98.6%	$1,872,982	32.2%
188.	Medical U. of South Carolina	19,697	97.2%	$1,857,792	25.6%
189.	Western Washington U.	123,071	82.5%	$1,812,248	22.5%
190.	Ball State U.	112,621	85.9%	$1,797,745	16.0%
191.	Texas A&M U. at Corpus Christi	90,484	89.3%	$1,747,358	31.9%
192.	U. of Houston-Downtown	88,715	75.7%	$1,727,501	40.5%
193.	U. of Central Oklahoma	127,946	81.6%	$1,700,383	32.6%
194.	U. of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth	11,602	98.8%	$1,685,867	47.8%
195.	State U. of New York Upstate Medical U.	13,686	99.7%	$1,656,042	39.3%
196.	City College of City U. of New York	147,795	84.9%	$1,637,771	34.1%
197.	City U. of New York Bernard M. Baruch College	124,816	94.4%	$1,627,529	32.0%
198.	U. of North Florida	224,438	94.4%	$1,594,296	35.0%
199.	College of New Jersey	98,733	93.1%	$1,585,229	27.2%
200.	U. of Central Arkansas	58,486	94.9%	$1,580,638	39.9%
201.	South Dakota State U.	80,799	74.9%	$1,578,640	36.5%
202.	Texas Woman’s U.	343,095	54.7%	$1,551,406	25.8%
203.	U. of Arkansas for Medical Sciences	163,470	40.9%	$1,521,270	37.6%
204.	U. of Colorado at Colorado Springs	114,067	97.4%	$1,518,172	42.2%
205.	U. of Houston-Clear Lake	92,618	92.6%	$1,517,233	37.1%
206.	U. of Massachusetts at Dartmouth	86,522	98.4%	$1,515,762	27.5%
207.	Colorado School of Mines	169,828	99.7%	$1,513,898	44.0%
208.	State U. of New York Downstate Medical Center	5,523	99.0%	$1,504,334	40.8%
209.	Southeastern Louisiana U.	99,217	99.0%	$1,453,836	35.6%
210.	California State U. at Chico	42,244	79.4%	$1,427,426	33.3%
211.	Rutgers U. at Camden	39,609	0.0%	$1,423,542	24.2%
212.	California State U. at Sacramento	153,010	79.3%	$1,401,424	21.4%
213.	Indiana State U.	147,036	54.5%	$1,398,636	27.2%
214.	California State U. at Los Angeles	87,571	95.7%	$1,392,720	23.6%
215.	California State Polytechnic U. at Pomona	23,410	57.0%	$1,371,324	30.5%
216.	U. of Alabama at Huntsville	43,652	98.5%	$1,365,585	51.3%
217.	Central Connecticut State U.	94,274	92.4%	$1,364,839	28.1%
218.	Western Carolina U.	253,260	57.6%	$1,361,943	27.2%
219.	New Jersey Institute of Technology	63,087	99.9%	$1,358,992	32.6%
220.	California Polytechnic State U. at San Luis Obispo	91,712	94.8%	$1,352,408	16.9%
221.	Missouri U. of Science and Technology	91,223	85.2%	$1,329,407	45.2%
222.	Kennesaw State U.	116,139	98.9%	$1,327,148	25.0%
223.	U. of Northern Iowa	127,417	82.5%	$1,321,051	20.7%
224.	Texas A&M International U.	62,217	92.3%	$1,306,297	47.5%
225.	U. of Arkansas at Little Rock	31,677	89.6%	$1,299,352	41.5%
226.	City U. of New York Brooklyn College	127,213	85.3%	$1,296,471	23.7%
227.	Stephen F. Austin State U.	124,745	95.5%	$1,296,001	27.3%
228.	Florida Gulf Coast U.	128,848	99.6%	$1,289,884	29.7%
229.	Eastern Kentucky U.	52,517	90.4%	$1,278,401	22.8%
230.	Kean U.	58,034	100.0%	$1,276,798	46.8%
231.	Louisiana Tech U.	164,470	98.7%	$1,271,024	51.0%
232.	Bloomsburg U. of Pennsylvania	89,903	93.5%	$1,263,947	33.2%
233.	Texas A&M U. at Commerce	79,941	69.8%	$1,253,376	33.3%
234.	U. of New Orleans	81,382	68.3%	$1,247,646	53.5%
235.	Western Illinois U.	231,674	33.5%	$1,244,400	29.0%
236.	U. of Central Missouri	90,587	98.3%	$1,227,561	27.2%
237.	Troy U.	134,609	99.8%	$1,221,611	36.5%
238.	West Texas A&M U.	79,013	83.3%	$1,209,140	44.8%
239.	U. of California at Merced	114,532	100.0%	$1,205,297	30.1%
240.	Northern Kentucky U.	56,226	99.9%	$1,193,103	21.4%
241.	U. of Minnesota at Duluth	113,966	96.5%	$1,184,452	34.2%
242.	Eastern Washington U.	105,487	96.2%	$1,153,495	22.3%
243.	Montclair State U.	60,544	84.3%	$1,147,124	20.4%
244.	Washburn U.	88,208	93.4%	$1,144,985	32.8%
245.	Murray State U.	1,958	33.4%	$1,136,058	39.7%
246.	U. of West Florida	170,232	96.2%	$1,129,001	29.1%
247.	U. of Tennessee at Chattanooga	65,646	96.5%	$1,119,621	27.2%
248.	Radford U.	28,069	98.4%	$1,114,780	27.5%
249.	California State U.-East Bay	118,696	90.8%	$1,112,920	22.1%
250.	Weber State U.	177,665	92.5%	$1,098,795	26.2%
251.	California State U. at San Bernardino	71,447	77.7%	$1,087,946	26.6%
252.	City U. of New York Queens College	126,179	99.8%	$1,083,905	23.5%
253.	Angelo State U.	77,261	99.9%	$1,083,174	39.8%
254.	Texas A&M U. at Kingsville	48,058	99.2%	$1,066,807	33.2%
255.	Southern Illinois U. at Edwardsville	88,124	85.0%	$1,066,257	29.4%
256.	William Paterson U. of New Jersey	3,040	0.5%	$1,061,761	24.5%
257.	Northeastern Illinois U.	67,695	72.1%	$1,052,350	32.1%
258.	Valdosta State U.	125,617	46.7%	$1,048,309	28.2%
259.	California State U. at San Marcos	104,437	97.0%	$1,028,080	21.6%
260.	Alabama A&M U.	133,150	99.1%	$1,021,210	39.9%
261.	Marshall U.	53,075	96.2%	$1,018,062	23.9%
262.	Eastern Illinois U.	38,643	99.8%	$1,006,237	25.6%
263.	Prairie View A&M U.	239	0.0%	$1,003,400	35.1%
264.	Tarleton State U.	152,869	98.4%	$997,377	32.9%
265.	Southeast Missouri State U.	85,966	95.2%	$988,112	33.3%
266.	Winthrop U.	36,543	98.5%	$986,597	30.5%
267.	New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology	463,313	94.8%	$985,000	55.5%
268.	U. of California-Hastings College of the Law	65,584	100.0%	$974,068	32.6%
269.	Shippensburg U. of Pennsylvania	96,268	99.9%	$968,626	32.1%
270.	Truman State U.	85,316	96.7%	$966,587	33.1%
271.	Salisbury U.	842	17.8%	$965,658	29.7%
272.	Winston-Salem State U.	82,032	99.6%	$949,724	31.8%
273.	Eastern Virginia Medical School	10,771	86.1%	$947,382	40.0%
274.	Southern Connecticut State U.	48,885	84.7%	$942,868	21.3%
275.	North Carolina Central U.	4,925	0.0%	$940,532	36.7%
276.	Rhode Island College	528,885	99.6%	$937,348	30.1%
277.	Salem State U.	13,340	88.3%	$934,581	30.0%
278.	Central Washington U.	66,563	83.6%	$920,304	16.5%
279.	Winona State U.	72,432	82.2%	$917,217	35.5%
280.	Youngstown State U.	57,597	88.0%	$914,982	31.7%
281.	U. of Wisconsin at La Crosse	143,642	94.6%	$910,063	28.9%
282.	U. of North Alabama	59,999	93.2%	$909,419	32.6%
283.	Purdue U. Fort Wayne	92,478	99.7%	$893,702	25.2%
284.	Coastal Carolina U.	127,828	99.5%	$886,000	29.3%
285.	Ferris State U.	161,258	99.9%	$884,695	28.4%
286.	U. of Baltimore	85,745	97.4%	$883,037	19.1%
287.	U. of Michigan at Flint	165,200	98.9%	$880,766	35.3%
288.	City U. of New York John Jay College of Criminal Justice	117,520	93.6%	$877,892	24.9%
289.	U. of Nebraska at Kearney	120,162	99.8%	$875,513	33.3%
290.	Utah Valley U.	200,627	99.7%	$873,463	22.7%
291.	U. of Illinois at Springfield	24,671	60.1%	$870,349	35.2%
292.	Fayetteville State U.	29,755	98.4%	$870,067	35.8%
293.	Kutztown U. of Pennsylvania	92,541	99.0%	$864,326	25.1%
294.	U. of Wisconsin at Whitewater	61,351	77.5%	$853,449	34.4%
295.	California State U.-Dominguez Hills	138,935	98.4%	$851,699	22.4%
296.	Slippery Rock U. of Pennsylvania	49,439	99.5%	$849,703	26.4%
297.	Bridgewater State U.	149,895	91.6%	$847,865	73.3%
298.	U. of West Georgia*	90,732	96.6%	$843,641	19.7%
299.	Texas Southern U.	80,969	98.8%	$842,885	30.2%
300.	U. of North Georgia	115,634	99.9%	$836,156	23.7%
301.	Stockton U.	163,486	99.9%	$825,697	28.0%
302.	Northern Michigan U.	31,969	98.1%	$818,636	26.6%
303.	U. of Wisconsin at Oshkosh	91,592	98.0%	$794,529	35.5%
304.	U. of Michigan at Dearborn	96,370	99.6%	$783,983	27.9%
305.	Sonoma State U.	49,473	91.9%	$778,108	23.9%
306.	Northeastern State U.	90,688	85.5%	$777,094	28.9%
307.	Austin Peay State U.	108,566	50.6%	$768,855	24.3%
308.	U. of Tennessee at Martin	337,714	99.3%	$768,554	39.2%
309.	U. of Maryland University College	149,288	100.0%	$766,821	24.7%
310.	Humboldt State U.*	34,425	0.6%	$765,422	18.3%
311.	Virginia State U.	90,997	100.0%	$764,029	40.2%
312.	Tennessee Technological U.	78,553	87.8%	$756,418	24.2%
313.	California State U.-Stanislaus	54,325	91.7%	$746,322	29.4%
314.	Morehead State U.	102,222	71.4%	$727,397	24.6%
315.	Francis Marion U.	3,287	25.5%	$724,606	38.2%
316.	U. of New Hampshire School of Law	39,624	80.8%	$719,762	46.1%
317.	City U. of New York Graduate Center	116,768	98.7%	$715,942	26.1%
318.	Eastern Connecticut State U.	59,807	93.2%	$714,943	15.7%
319.	Edinboro U. of Pennsylvania	84,956	99.7%	$714,348	24.9%
320.	U. of Louisiana at Lafayette	488,233	35.4%	$711,879	16.1%
321.	State U. of New York at New Paltz	93,316	91.4%	$706,491	24.3%
322.	Saginaw Valley State U.	58,236	99.7%	$705,996	32.3%
323.	Fort Hays State U.	89,538	86.5%	$697,395	32.1%
324.	College of Southern Nevada	6,849	98.4%	$694,141	20.0%
325.	U. of Southern Maine	1,598	0.0%	$693,961	20.7%
326.	Millersville U. of Pennsylvania	396,189	98.9%	$688,972	20.3%
327.	State U. of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry	244,566	99.3%	$679,666	58.6%
328.	U. of Southern Indiana	142,796	98.9%	$678,989	24.5%
329.	Jacksonville State U.	308,225	76.3%	$667,956	22.5%
330.	Morgan State U.	5,370	91.2%	$663,862	16.0%
331.	U. of Wisconsin at Eau Claire	74,381	86.2%	$660,887	29.5%
332.	Indiana U. at South Bend	119,398	93.9%	$659,560	27.0%
333.	State U. of New York College at Geneseo	214,476	99.3%	$645,752	28.3%
334.	U. of North Carolina at Asheville	77,118	99.7%	$636,883	29.7%
335.	U. of Texas at Tyler	116,944	99.2%	$632,140	28.4%
336.	U. of Wisconsin at Stevens Point	132,660	94.6%	$631,524	31.8%
337.	Ramapo College of New Jersey	675	3.7%	$625,453	22.6%
338.	Christopher Newport U.	66,631	97.3%	$622,552	26.4%
339.	St. Mary’s College of Maryland	77,649	98.5%	$615,639	33.6%
340.	California State U. at Bakersfield	134,347	94.2%	$614,334	15.2%
341.	State U. of New York College at Oneonta	119,544	99.9%	$609,330	26.4%
342.	Keene State College	55,887	99.7%	$606,232	26.7%
343.	Metropolitan State U.	56,319	99.6%	$590,047	24.7%
344.	Buffalo State College	85,572	96.4%	$589,993	22.6%
345.	State U. of New York College at Plattsburgh	524	86.5%	$587,384	25.3%
346.	Fairmont State U.	182,087	100.0%	$582,230	43.9%
347.	Longwood U.	3,070	13.1%	$569,866	23.9%
348.	The Citadel	362	73.2%	$564,562	31.5%
349.	Governors State U.	95,427	97.4%	$556,357	34.0%
350.	U. of Houston-Victoria	5,324	3.9%	$551,650	30.3%
351.	City U. of New York College of Staten Island	112,798	98.3%	$540,522	15.9%
352.	Texas A&M U. at Texarkana	73,862	98.4%	$539,188	39.0%
353.	Northeast Ohio Medical U.	41,809	70.7%	$534,504	47.8%
354.	Minnesota State U. at Moorhead	19,675	91.7%	$521,834	25.8%
355.	Midwestern State U.	3,240	3.7%	$520,607	36.4%
356.	Texas A&M U. at San Antonio	59,396	100.0%	$515,495	35.1%
357.	U. of California at San Francisco	73,726	85.4%	$515,142	4.8%
358.	State U. of New York College at Oswego	58,432	96.7%	$511,720	19.8%
359.	Nicholls State U.	105,571	71.4%	$510,731	31.6%
360.	U. of Wisconsin-Stout	89,012	97.9%	$507,354	28.0%
361.	Missouri Western State U.	58,883	97.3%	$506,315	34.6%
362.	Colorado Mesa U.	35,921	94.0%	$506,285	24.5%
363.	U. of South Florida at St. Petersburg	65,126	99.7%	$503,130	22.9%
364.	California State U.-Channel Islands	99,589	99.0%	$500,139	21.0%
365.	Chicago State U.	96	0.0%	$497,537	33.8%
366.	City U. of New York Herbert H. Lehman College	119,751	96.2%	$491,260	22.1%
367.	Armstrong State U.	3,845	87.0%	$486,824	27.4%
368.	U. of North Carolina at Pembroke	54,406	99.3%	$480,000	24.4%
369.	Arkansas Tech U.	78,967	93.1%	$470,374	26.4%
370.	U. of the District of Columbia	180,549	100.0%	$469,998	14.6%
371.	Georgia Gwinnett College	2,849	97.5%	$469,830	22.1%
372.	California State U.-Monterey Bay	83,837	99.5%	$460,026	24.6%
373.	Georgia College and State U.	157,479	96.9%	$459,745	20.4%
374.	Henderson State U.	757	11.4%	$456,900	30.2%
375.	U. of Mary Washington	80,158	96.1%	$455,595	17.5%
376.	Fitchburg State U.	1,726	19.4%	$451,757	27.5%
377.	New Jersey City U.	300	0.0%	$450,000	14.0%
378.	Emporia State U.	35,726	0.8%	$449,570	23.9%
379.	Clarion U. of Pennsylvania	49,775	99.6%	$448,494	16.5%
380.	Sul Ross State U.	85,439	99.5%	$447,939	41.8%
381.	U. of South Carolina Upstate	234,851	99.7%	$447,000	14.3%
382.	Southwestern Oklahoma State U.	128,262	99.9%	$444,495	28.3%
383.	U. of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler	6,302	84.6%	$441,578	70.3%
384.	U. of Hawaii at Hilo	122,251	98.5%	$441,002	21.9%
385.	U. of Washington at Tacoma	182,086	99.5%	$439,190	22.0%
386.	Colorado State U. at Pueblo	86,532	96.7%	$439,053	30.3%
387.	Delta State U.	26,152	94.5%	$439,000	26.3%
388.	Pittsburg State U.	91,268	95.1%	$436,500	18.3%
389.	Alabama State U.	5,947	73.0%	$435,601	17.1%
390.	State U. of New York Empire State College	129,860	100.0%	$433,578	59.3%
391.	U. of Wisconsin at Green Bay	158,646	98.8%	$429,623	26.4%
392.	South Dakota School of Mines and Technology	27,531	78.5%	$428,269	41.4%
393.	Indiana U. Southeast	184,199	99.9%	$427,188	37.8%
394.	State U. of New York College at Farmingdale	306,027	99.9%	$426,504	30.4%
395.	State U. of New York, College at Brockport	122,082	93.9%	$425,557	11.3%
396.	Auburn U. at Montgomery*	126,687	91.4%	$422,664	22.4%
397.	California U. of Pennsylvania	70,708	68.7%	$413,845	16.3%
398.	Worcester State U.	143,206	99.8%	$411,398	29.4%
399.	Eastern Oregon U.	537	27.0%	$410,177	22.3%
400.	U. of Wisconsin-Parkside	50,155	86.2%	$408,440	34.9%
401.	Frostburg State U.	98,216	91.5%	$405,172	15.5%
402.	Purdue U. Northwest	92,539	97.6%	$402,539	23.8%
403.	Texas A&M U.-Central Texas	207,996	99.9%	$401,131	27.6%
404.	Framingham State U.	120	0.0%	$399,546	20.9%
405.	Oregon Institute of Technology	80,035	97.3%	$395,065	20.5%
406.	State U. of New York Polytechnic Institute	51,220	95.8%	$395,000	59.0%
407.	Columbus State U.	171,107	99.9%	$392,302	21.0%
408.	Bemidji State U.	168,516	98.6%	$388,711	23.8%
409.	Western Oregon U.	161,361	79.3%	$388,409	15.3%
410.	Fort Lewis College	170,205	100.0%	$386,258	23.8%
411.	Mississippi U. for Women	33,320	93.4%	$384,245	32.9%
412.	Indiana U. Northwest	138,598	98.3%	$383,517	27.1%
413.	U. of Washington at Bothell	182,372	99.3%	$378,393	10.2%
414.	McNeese State U.	173,222	67.3%	$373,930	20.5%
415.	Cleveland State U.	97,519	92.2%	$371,386	7.9%
416.	U. of Wisconsin at River Falls	83,587	90.8%	$365,604	30.8%
417.	Oklahoma State U. Center for Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine	8,816	99.8%	$360,965	36.2%
418.	Missouri Southern State U.	172,157	99.5%	$360,563	25.7%
419.	Coppin State U.	327,414	92.3%	$355,619	25.3%
420.	U. of Wisconsin at Platteville	45,838	97.5%	$354,943	27.8%
421.	U. of Wisconsin Colleges	108,089	97.9%	$348,871	17.4%
422.	Langston U.	20,874	99.5%	$348,560	37.2%
423.	East Central U. (Okla.)	54,796	4.8%	$345,895	25.8%
424.	Indiana U. at Kokomo	118,408	98.4%	$345,786	28.6%
425.	Bowie State U.	839	0.0%	$345,496	19.2%
426.	Jackson State U.	318,928	99.5%	$343,177	27.2%
427.	State U. of New York at Fredonia	77,006	98.8%	$340,000	24.1%
428.	Florida State College at Jacksonville	72,166	99.6%	$339,698	13.4%
429.	U. of South Carolina at Aiken	126,414	87.5%	$336,278	25.4%
430.	Eastern New Mexico U.	55,278	78.8%	$334,966	22.1%
431.	U of Arkansas at Fort Smith	473	82.2%	$326,184	30.3%
432.	Northwest Missouri State U.	46	32.6%	$325,197	21.6%
433.	Western Connecticut State U.	67,464	99.6%	$325,000	14.9%
434.	Montana State U. at Billings	87,256	98.4%	$318,999	32.5%
435.	Delaware State U.	33,313	96.3%	$317,148	19.9%
436.	State U. of New York College at Old Westbury	142	68.3%	$316,718	29.5%
437.	South Texas College	343,998	99.9%	$314,394	7.8%
438.	Evergreen State College	52,876	97.2%	$312,632	9.2%
439.	Southern Oregon U.	28,726	94.2%	$308,856	10.8%
440.	Clayton State U.	1,894	8.4%	$302,186	20.3%
441.	Southeastern Oklahoma State U.	2,617	96.8%	$300,598	33.6%
442.	East Stroudsburg U. of Pennsylvania	26,732	84.8%	$300,000	14.6%
	Over all for 442 institutions	54,708,602	79.2%	$1,284,589,910	32.4%

4-year private nonprofit institutions

Rank	Institution	Total number of physical and electronic serial titles	Percentage of serial titles that are electronic	Continuing commitments to subscriptions	Subscription commitments as percentage of all library expenditures
1.	Harvard U.	742,098	26.6%	$20,639,601	10.7%
2.	U. of Southern California	392,666	70.5%	$19,077,680	38.4%
3.	Columbia U.*	-	-	$18,682,346	26.4%
4.	Stanford U.	651,025	28.6%	$18,196,634	16.5%
5.	Johns Hopkins U.	184,527	71.6%	$17,463,934	34.6%
6.	Princeton U.	450,845	64.6%	$16,577,903	25.3%
7.	Yale U.	554,788	38.1%	$14,697,544	13.9%
8.	U. of Pennsylvania	198,196	96.9%	$14,018,437	24.1%
9.	Emory U.	285,865	72.8%	$13,786,687	26.9%
10.	Cornell U.	390,223	39.5%	$13,171,748	21.0%
11.	Duke U.	393,588	57.5%	$13,063,441	25.9%
12.	U. of Chicago	344,200	44.3%	$12,514,200	34.2%
13.	Northwestern U.	320,065	70.2%	$12,487,979	28.0%
14.	Washington U. in St. Louis	226,241	68.8%	$12,253,745	28.5%
15.	New York U.	225,462	77.3%	$11,977,100	23.0%
16.	U. of Miami	167,489	67.8%	$11,795,819	40.5%
17.	Vanderbilt U.	148,134	69.5%	$10,813,352	30.2%
18.	Boston College	119,658	65.3%	$10,062,704	34.8%
19.	Boston U.	360,291	30.9%	$9,977,001	38.9%
20.	Dartmouth College	202,286	94.0%	$9,861,564	38.5%
21.	Tufts U.	77,093	98.9%	$9,589,323	44.1%
22.	Georgetown U.	328,315	84.0%	$9,492,938	28.5%
23.	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	109,004	51.8%	$9,417,823	32.4%
24.	Tulane U.	47,616	86.5%	$9,268,654	44.3%
25.	U. of Rochester	147,043	61.1%	$9,159,770	33.4%
26.	Brigham Young U.	133,393	94.5%	$9,010,121	28.2%
27.	Baylor U.	185,042	73.0%	$8,770,961	34.8%
28.	U. of Notre Dame	172,293	67.5%	$8,628,717	25.6%
29.	Syracuse U.	146,459	77.0%	$8,591,549	31.7%
30.	George Washington U.	178,882	87.0%	$8,526,148	21.8%
31.	Rice U.	117,436	62.6%	$8,046,524	40.6%
32.	Wake Forest U.	142,568	78.6%	$7,998,264	39.3%
33.	Brown U.	192,106	68.7%	$7,981,826	28.9%
34.	Carnegie Mellon U.	159,873	85.1%	$7,051,209	48.1%
35.	Northeastern U.	129,377	91.3%	$6,964,501	43.5%
36.	Loyola U. Chicago	61,507	95.9%	$6,600,574	43.4%
37.	Mayo Medical School	7,166	67.0%	$6,367,105	55.7%
38.	Nova Southeastern U.	78,817	87.7%	$6,082,372	40.1%
39.	Case Western Reserve U.	144,750	72.8%	$5,968,226	35.0%
40.	Marquette U.	53,690	97.6%	$5,716,715	40.2%
41.	Southern Methodist U.	156,471	89.4%	$5,715,325	34.1%
42.	Drexel U.	59,549	92.2%	$5,644,433	46.8%
43.	Yeshiva U.	102,591	96.9%	$5,548,596	50.0%
44.	Texas Christian U.	139,807	92.5%	$5,128,300	49.4%
45.	American U.	155,988	96.4%	$4,639,608	29.6%
46.	DePaul U.	98,296	79.5%	$4,538,043	39.2%
47.	U. of Denver	813,017	26.9%	$4,333,994	36.5%
48.	Villanova U.	92,698	88.6%	$4,169,143	42.1%
49.	Lehigh U.	69,758	86.3%	$4,148,282	53.6%
50.	U. of Richmond	156,893	97.2%	$4,110,828	44.5%
51.	Santa Clara U.	98,341	85.7%	$4,100,918	45.9%
52.	Howard U.	55,669	94.0%	$3,984,418	35.5%
53.	Fordham U.	28,528	50.2%	$3,978,847	24.5%
54.	Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai	48,745	100.0%	$3,649,785	62.9%
55.	Saint Louis U.	246,009	49.5%	$3,523,733	30.5%
56.	Medical College of Wisconsin	11,956	99.9%	$3,509,820	69.8%
57.	Loma Linda U.	22,756	75.4%	$3,423,046	64.0%
58.	Claremont Graduate U.	155,381	85.6%	$3,356,817	27.1%
59.	Wesleyan U. (Conn.)	94,475	92.1%	$3,339,105	42.9%
60.	Brandeis U.	48,607	78.2%	$3,227,075	37.0%
61.	U. of San Francisco	143,366	94.4%	$3,197,059	29.2%
62.	U. of San Diego	157,277	93.4%	$3,074,892	35.9%
63.	California Institute of Technology	11,780	47.5%	$2,919,834	39.4%
64.	Smith College	142,035	73.6%	$2,789,720	27.6%
65.	Hofstra U.	147,706	93.0%	$2,769,662	23.6%
66.	Loyola Marymount U.	53,880	88.6%	$2,766,853	27.7%
67.	Bucknell U.	61,798	80.0%	$2,704,515	49.8%
68.	St. John’s U. (N.Y.)	156,604	56.2%	$2,584,583	25.2%
69.	Liberty U.	126,145	97.1%	$2,579,838	25.9%
70.	Rochester Institute of Technology	79,125	91.8%	$2,499,483	39.6%
71.	Catholic U. of America	477,483	28.3%	$2,481,790	44.1%
72.	U. of the Pacific	63,769	98.8%	$2,431,003	41.0%
73.	U. of St. Thomas (Minn.)	78,427	97.8%	$2,421,042	34.5%
74.	Duquesne U.	96,750	95.9%	$2,363,759	34.6%
75.	Reed College	116,903	94.3%	$2,362,568	48.2%
76.	Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute	74,980	94.1%	$2,328,215	54.5%
77.	Worcester Polytechnic Institute	232,401	97.8%	$2,314,826	49.5%
78.	Campbell U.	113,142	97.4%	$2,271,020	45.4%
79.	Thomas Jefferson U.	3,377	100.0%	$2,270,043	35.6%
80.	Seattle U.	105,071	89.7%	$2,260,214	40.8%
81.	Mercer U.	185,677	99.9%	$2,252,505	28.1%
82.	U. of Dayton	158,901	97.6%	$2,170,165	23.9%
83.	Carleton College	124,965	95.6%	$2,166,637	40.2%
84.	Williams College	101,146	88.7%	$2,151,981	29.0%
85.	Bowdoin College	88,123	91.9%	$2,140,464	33.2%
86.	Rush U.	11,099	99.4%	$2,092,717	51.4%
87.	Vassar College	113,918	86.0%	$2,052,626	34.3%
88.	Touro College (N.Y.)	177,221	98.5%	$2,050,892	37.8%
89.	Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine	13,164	97.0%	$1,996,374	52.4%
90.	Middlebury College	140,185	97.2%	$1,971,337	28.0%
91.	Gonzaga U.	66,701	81.7%	$1,947,480	41.7%
92.	U. of New England	143,754	99.6%	$1,946,083	49.9%
93.	Weill Cornell Medicine	19,128	94.8%	$1,921,623	32.4%
94.	U. of Tulsa	65,438	91.9%	$1,916,836	40.8%
95.	Suffolk U.	77,018	96.3%	$1,896,209	40.2%
96.	Florida Institute of Technology	67,440	97.6%	$1,867,625	49.4%
97.	Colgate U.	6,302	93.0%	$1,859,206	31.4%
98.	New York Medical College	78,568	27.4%	$1,825,990	56.2%
99.	Colby College	124,627	97.8%	$1,815,993	32.6%
100.	Amherst College	215,314	86.7%	$1,801,112	25.0%
101.	Chapman U.	69,968	99.1%	$1,799,738	31.1%
102.	Union College (N.Y.)	132,044	93.4%	$1,752,612	38.9%
103.	U. of Detroit Mercy	237,372	96.7%	$1,727,635	31.8%
104.	Franklin & Marshall College	237,831	98.8%	$1,725,079	45.0%
105.	Western Michigan U.-Thomas M. Cooley Law School	220,488	6.0%	$1,711,205	34.4%
106.	Albany Medical College	29,547	91.3%	$1,706,599	59.3%
107.	Southern New Hampshire U.	80,330	98.7%	$1,698,594	38.4%
108.	Clark Atlanta U.	123,133	99.2%	$1,663,212	14.2%
109.	Bryn Mawr College	132,156	93.1%	$1,658,673	41.1%
110.	Quinnipiac U.	117,968	98.7%	$1,655,761	50.9%
111.	Washington and Lee U.	127,916	99.5%	$1,647,352	30.1%
112.	Illinois Institute of Technology	113,917	87.5%	$1,640,679	28.1%
113.	Oberlin College	216,518	90.3%	$1,598,088	22.0%
114.	Swarthmore College	114,008	85.9%	$1,588,089	28.5%
115.	St. Olaf College	123,024	97.3%	$1,561,106	38.0%
116.	Morehouse School of Medicine	15,653	89.1%	$1,508,424	56.4%
117.	Rosalind Franklin U. of Medicine and Science	20,649	93.6%	$1,502,036	70.9%
118.	Midwestern U. (Ill.)	27,103	86.5%	$1,491,388	55.5%
119.	Embry-Riddle Aeronautical U. at Daytona Beach (Fla.)	70,054	99.3%	$1,489,361	33.6%
120.	Wellesley College	114,362	88.8%	$1,473,372	30.6%
121.	Saint Joseph’s U. (Pa.)	76,163	96.8%	$1,451,998	34.1%
122.	New York Institute of Technology	23,453	89.3%	$1,433,297	29.3%
123.	College of the Holy Cross	91,631	92.2%	$1,402,854	32.0%
124.	Webster U.	80,017	96.5%	$1,390,496	38.6%
125.	Trinity U.	112,613	96.8%	$1,382,601	38.0%
126.	Grinnell College	17,803	70.3%	$1,381,298	36.7%
127.	Adelphi U.	84,761	99.3%	$1,377,356	19.6%
128.	Mount Holyoke College	108,607	69.0%	$1,371,208	35.2%
129.	Widener U.	78,017	89.4%	$1,312,362	24.0%
130.	Regis U.	109,189	98.3%	$1,304,924	35.6%
131.	Furman U.	659,274	99.9%	$1,304,268	35.4%
132.	Providence College	62,550	99.1%	$1,301,000	30.8%
133.	Butler U.	61,770	96.2%	$1,297,185	38.7%
134.	Elon U.	65,065	99.7%	$1,288,379	35.7%
135.	Dickinson College	96,913	96.0%	$1,287,812	38.4%
136.	Clark U.	8,564	41.4%	$1,286,084	45.3%
137.	Haverford College	27,587	97.9%	$1,284,034	27.8%
138.	U. of Scranton	59,261	95.5%	$1,281,691	28.5%
139.	St. Lawrence U.	8,931	30.5%	$1,280,960	34.9%
140.	Bates College	111,348	71.8%	$1,278,151	33.7%
141.	Hamilton College (N.Y.)	155,000	96.8%	$1,270,846	29.1%
142.	Colorado College	79,526	94.5%	$1,236,241	33.1%
143.	Davidson College	121,693	92.7%	$1,233,769	35.1%
144.	National U.	95,921	96.4%	$1,231,794	29.7%
145.	Bradley U.	56,320	98.4%	$1,222,707	43.8%
146.	Skidmore College	2,151	0.0%	$1,177,464	32.5%
147.	Connecticut College	62,175	95.5%	$1,174,561	38.2%
148.	Clarkson U.	71,020	97.3%	$1,151,961	57.7%
149.	Western New England U.	112,018	96.8%	$1,137,484	35.9%
150.	Belmont U.	96,798	99.0%	$1,134,803	47.0%
151.	U. of Puget Sound	66,122	74.2%	$1,133,447	33.2%
152.	New School	115,717	98.0%	$1,131,528	18.0%
153.	Pepperdine U.	63,656	99.4%	$1,125,760	24.9%
154.	Pardee RAND Graduate School of Policy Studies	1,905	50.5%	$1,124,505	25.6%
155.	Pace U.	578,282	99.8%	$1,113,358	15.3%
156.	U. of Tampa	151,781	99.2%	$1,097,591	43.8%
157.	Lafayette College	77,656	99.7%	$1,093,598	23.4%
158.	Gettysburg College	106,320	98.3%	$1,085,748	30.4%
159.	Ithaca College	69,498	99.1%	$1,080,907	27.1%
160.	Babson College	101,917	90.8%	$1,078,236	43.8%
161.	Simmons U.	278,152	100.0%	$1,078,224	41.7%
162.	Seton Hall U.	614,653	99.3%	$1,068,960	22.9%
163.	Samford U.	119,214	94.9%	$1,067,899	22.4%
164.	St. Thomas U.	247,626	96.6%	$1,066,759	40.8%
165.	Azusa Pacific U.	73,735	96.9%	$1,065,303	19.8%
166.	Trinity College (Conn.)	79,013	93.0%	$1,055,781	25.7%
167.	Notre Dame of Maryland U.	312,446	99.2%	$1,042,733	26.0%
168.	Biola U.	86,127	99.6%	$1,041,085	35.1%
169.	Marian U. (Ind.)	110,233	98.5%	$1,034,145	71.4%
170.	Ohio Northern U.	144,305	97.8%	$1,024,270	40.5%
171.	Valparaiso U.	111,728	98.7%	$1,017,968	28.7%
172.	Bentley U.	83,961	96.7%	$1,012,657	39.4%
173.	Calvin College	40,954	85.6%	$1,001,549	37.7%
174.	Macalester College	79,071	96.9%	$998,217	32.0%
175.	Fairfield U.	59,656	99.5%	$981,037	27.9%
176.	Wheaton College (Ill.)	6,570	94.4%	$977,457	28.7%
177.	Western U. of Health Sciences	33,678	97.7%	$965,782	33.6%
178.	Lewis & Clark College	33,928	100.0%	$965,394	21.1%
179.	A.T. Still U. of Health Sciences	56,779	97.7%	$963,608	43.8%
180.	Keiser U. at Ft. Lauderdale	217	13.4%	$941,082	33.8%
181.	Pacific U.	81,305	97.9%	$938,231	30.7%
182.	Southwestern Law School	11,400	51.2%	$927,467	33.6%
183.	Xavier U. of Louisiana	107,978	98.3%	$926,000	38.7%
184.	Willamette U.	83,282	95.3%	$924,412	26.8%
185.	Midwestern U. (Ariz.)	22,649	96.1%	$920,003	61.1%
186.	DePauw U.	80,943	44.6%	$917,619	36.1%
187.	Drake U.	108,319	98.5%	$903,549	26.5%
188.	Brooklyn Law School	182,827	37.0%	$897,966	33.6%
189.	Rider U.	45,481	98.1%	$889,415	28.2%
190.	College of Wooster (Ohio)	104,920	97.4%	$887,174	33.0%
191.	Stetson U.	123,365	96.5%	$882,490	29.4%
192.	Barry U.	165,210	98.8%	$882,254	46.1%
193.	Hobart and William Smith Colleges	59,320	97.5%	$880,802	33.6%
194.	Xavier U. (Ohio)	214,763	99.3%	$880,141	35.4%
195.	Stevens Institute of Technology	158,934	99.4%	$879,791	39.9%
196.	Indiana Wesleyan U.	593,752	99.9%	$871,455	40.1%
197.	MCPHS U.	49,473	99.9%	$871,000	29.8%
198.	U. of the Sciences in Philadelphia	45	0.0%	$868,509	45.5%
199.	Saint Mary’s College of California	150,926	99.4%	$863,516	23.2%
200.	Andrews U.	1,229	0.0%	$861,727	27.9%
201.	Roger Williams U.	53,597	98.1%	$859,325	28.3%
202.	Meharry Medical College	5,634	100.0%	$859,219	55.9%
203.	Le Moyne College	116,997	98.8%	$834,159	42.5%
204.	South Texas College of Law Houston	24,666	64.8%	$832,390	34.8%
205.	Sentara College of Health Sciences	24,972	99.2%	$831,151	75.8%
206.	Nazareth College of Rochester (N.Y.)	45,714	95.1%	$826,356	45.8%
207.	Lawrence U.	364,738	99.8%	$826,350	40.1%
208.	Sewanee: The U. of the South	19,987	80.1%	$825,231	27.5%
209.	Capital U.	324,638	99.5%	$816,428	34.8%
210.	Brigham Young U.-Idaho	134,585	99.9%	$812,604	24.5%
211.	Occidental College	73,253	95.4%	$811,935	30.1%
212.	Creighton U.	72,976	89.2%	$808,056	14.0%
213.	Denison U.	118,159	98.7%	$805,982	21.4%
214.	U. of the Incarnate Word	64,247	97.1%	$771,031	28.9%
215.	Seattle Pacific U.	98,640	96.7%	$770,224	31.8%
216.	Lincoln Memorial U.	101,813	99.5%	$767,111	34.0%
217.	Kenyon College	51,195	96.3%	$766,648	22.6%
218.	St. John Fisher College	48,124	99.2%	$765,932	36.7%
219.	U. of La Verne	81,109	97.5%	$765,510	19.2%
220.	Marymount U.	99,630	98.5%	$763,691	24.1%
221.	Marist College	91,218	98.7%	$763,506	29.7%
222.	Baker College of Flint	62,455	99.5%	$761,667	24.6%
223.	U. of Redlands	97,407	98.4%	$753,346	37.0%
224.	Monmouth U.	84,244	98.7%	$745,204	30.1%
225.	St. Catherine U.	60,032	99.4%	$734,452	25.6%
226.	Illinois Wesleyan U.	82,989	97.5%	$731,933	35.4%
227.	Wheaton College (Mass.)	38,993	99.7%	$730,177	31.5%
228.	New York Law School	252,348	97.8%	$730,000	28.2%
229.	La Salle U.	142,944	97.9%	$728,016	33.1%
230.	Berry College	42,112	86.0%	$723,332	38.9%
231.	Kansas City U. of Medicine and Biosciences	3,733	47.4%	$719,945	61.5%
232.	Michigan State U. College of Law	9,388	57.4%	$715,089	82.5%
233.	Pacific Lutheran U.	67,746	54.6%	$701,439	37.6%
234.	Tuskegee U.	1,482	0.0%	$701,221	38.7%
235.	Drew U.	129,841	93.2%	$700,893	28.5%
236.	York College of Pennsylvania	61,810	99.9%	$698,437	39.8%
237.	St. John’s College (Ill.)	73,131	99.8%	$696,754	66.3%
238.	St. Ambrose U.	279,277	99.9%	$691,625	39.3%
239.	Johnson & Wales U. (R.I.)	30,804	99.7%	$680,322	30.1%
240.	Springfield College (Mass.)	66,796	99.8%	$671,377	39.4%
241.	Muhlenberg College	44,967	89.6%	$664,751	27.3%
242.	U. of New Haven	42,723	98.7%	$661,737	27.9%
243.	California Lutheran U.	46,322	99.9%	$648,030	42.8%
244.	Long Island U. at Brooklyn	466,260	100.0%	$645,000	15.0%
245.	Mount Saint Mary’s U. (Calif.)	39,484	99.6%	$642,997	31.0%
246.	Bellarmine U.	86,288	99.8%	$642,732	43.8%
247.	Siena College	30,665	94.6%	$642,082	35.8%
248.	Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine	22,991	100.0%	$637,061	60.2%
249.	Hope College	44,039	94.3%	$636,260	20.9%
250.	John Marshall Law School (Ill.)	75,866	98.4%	$632,968	32.7%
251.	Linfield College	58,095	96.9%	$630,366	24.9%
252.	Shenandoah U.	55,612	97.4%	$628,902	45.6%
253.	California Western School of Law	6,257	28.8%	$625,278	28.5%
254.	Western Michigan U. Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine	132,556	100.0%	$624,102	57.0%
255.	Concordia U. Wisconsin	301	29.6%	$618,756	69.8%
256.	Lebanon Valley College	62,378	95.1%	$614,182	50.0%
257.	Des Moines U.	1,817	69.0%	$612,367	35.5%
258.	U. of Bridgeport	69,434	98.6%	$609,013	39.2%
259.	Messiah College	877	31.1%	$606,604	32.7%
260.	Princeton Theological Seminary	35,590	69.2%	$602,466	6.6%
261.	Teachers College, Columbia U.	27,304	100.0%	$584,033	10.2%
262.	Southwestern U. (Tex.)	51,469	92.2%	$580,763	39.4%
263.	Molloy College	67,388	99.9%	$572,635	17.8%
264.	Roseman U. of Health Sciences	51,483	100.0%	$566,400	43.2%
265.	Mercy College	62,000	100.0%	$563,345	22.2%
266.	College of Saint Rose	128,484	98.9%	$562,905	36.6%
267.	Luther College	31,151	90.5%	$561,802	35.5%
268.	Utica College	379	0.0%	$558,471	38.9%
269.	U. of Mount Union	63,529	96.1%	$556,980	43.0%
270.	Touro U. California	60,225	99.4%	$549,215	58.6%
271.	Roger Williams U. School of Law	96,371	97.9%	$547,417	43.5%
272.	Westminster College (Pa.)	27,300	97.1%	$545,623	50.9%
273.	U. of Indianapolis	56,018	95.7%	$543,589	42.0%
274.	Fuller Theological Seminary	43,381	69.5%	$543,050	28.4%
275.	St. Edward’s U.	73,977	99.8%	$543,026	29.3%
276.	California Baptist U.	53,669	72.6%	$542,556	31.7%
277.	George Fox U.	102,510	99.0%	$542,076	23.1%
278.	Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine	2,150	93.0%	$540,878	48.8%
279.	Whitman College	105,453	94.5%	$540,514	21.1%
280.	Sacred Heart U.	53,083	99.2%	$539,582	26.5%
281.	Lindenwood U.	284	30.6%	$535,746	39.4%
282.	McDaniel College	67,228	97.9%	$535,742	38.5%
283.	Savannah College of Art and Design	52,664	97.8%	$534,989	24.3%
284.	Lawrence Technological U.	45,549	97.9%	$534,043	48.2%
285.	Vermont Law School	78,076	95.9%	$532,740	38.2%
286.	Southwest Baptist U.	399,121	99.9%	$530,658	35.0%
287.	Thomas Jefferson U.	608	26.6%	$525,819	31.2%
288.	Hawaii Pacific U.	31,127	93.3%	$524,739	32.2%
289.	Saint Leo U.	102,060	98.6%	$524,438	23.7%
290.	Canisius College	304,353	99.6%	$524,402	27.5%
291.	Iona College	1,133	34.5%	$522,901	36.3%
292.	Saint Michael’s College	131,653	98.7%	$522,894	30.6%
293.	Rollins College	142,485	98.4%	$522,672	20.8%
294.	Jefferson College of Health Sciences	120,434	99.9%	$519,198	50.1%
295.	Bellevue U.	55,580	99.3%	$517,758	34.0%
296.	Union U.	35,971	93.4%	$516,545	35.7%
297.	Cedarville U.	26,936	97.3%	$515,472	27.5%
298.	St. Louis College of Pharmacy	19,869	97.8%	$515,100	55.8%
299.	Concordia College at Moorhead	4,364	85.6%	$509,896	33.6%
300.	U. of Mary Hardin-Baylor	689	26.4%	$509,700	30.2%
301.	John Carroll U.	15,057	99.6%	$508,304	15.2%
302.	Elizabethtown College	9,774	83.4%	$508,152	44.0%
303.	Wittenberg U.	134,925	97.1%	$508,089	33.3%
304.	Eckerd College	102,971	99.1%	$507,989	34.9%
305.	Benedictine U.	129,189	98.8%	$507,986	36.2%
306.	Bard College	51,019	97.8%	$507,093	30.4%
307.	Mount Carmel College of Nursing	27,323	97.5%	$498,762	51.0%
308.	Manhattan College	44,865	99.9%	$498,000	18.7%
309.	Long Island U.-C.W. Post	466,715	99.9%	$492,200	9.2%
310.	Centre College	36,751	99.1%	$486,560	38.1%
311.	Robert Morris U (Pa.)	45,263	99.5%	$485,687	24.8%
312.	Maryville U. of Saint Louis	59,780	99.5%	$477,517	36.0%
313.	Merrimack College	157,186	100.0%	$477,279	26.9%
314.	Regent U.	273,198	81.3%	$476,802	17.3%
315.	Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine	10,966	99.9%	$475,505	77.6%
316.	Golden Gate U.	57,000	96.5%	$471,000	39.7%
317.	Emmanuel College (Mass.)	4,351	93.7%	$468,940	39.2%
318.	Harding U.	79,351	98.8%	$467,350	33.6%
319.	Saint Anselm College	89,156	95.4%	$467,194	29.2%
320.	Earlham College and Earlham School of Religion	208,074	97.0%	$465,467	35.4%
321.	Christ College of Nursing and Health Sciences	13,379	97.2%	$461,601	69.3%
322.	D’Youville College	42,101	98.6%	$459,418	38.4%
323.	Washington & Jefferson College	47,836	99.5%	$459,256	40.3%
324.	Gustavus Adolphus College	1,126	0.0%	$458,417	25.3%
325.	Ohio Wesleyan U.	86,780	97.2%	$457,497	26.1%
326.	Hampton U.	60,375	92.1%	$456,538	22.1%
327.	Loyola U. New Orleans	252,347	99.5%	$451,820	23.4%
328.	Alma College	140,000	10.7%	$451,476	37.6%
329.	Norwich U.	45,322	94.0%	$450,870	26.2%
330.	Lycoming College	16,141	93.8%	$449,401	34.5%
331.	Dominican U.	57,328	97.7%	$447,000	24.9%
332.	Bethel U. (Minn.)	41,609	97.3%	$446,945	24.1%
333.	Sarah Lawrence College	34,675	88.6%	$445,768	29.0%
334.	Washington College	53,778	97.6%	$445,501	30.2%
335.	Beloit College	124,255	76.6%	$441,835	34.7%
336.	Florida Southern College	97,837	99.9%	$441,638	38.9%
337.	Concordia U. (Ore.)	46,514	98.2%	$439,898	23.4%
338.	Augustana College (Ill.)	120,452	99.8%	$439,734	33.5%
339.	Bryant U.	29,652	91.3%	$439,090	26.5%
340.	Abilene Christian U.	72,741	71.6%	$437,955	20.7%
341.	Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering	159,572	100.0%	$437,808	60.7%
342.	Albion College	73,498	99.0%	$434,852	31.2%
343.	Hamline U.	67,473	97.8%	$430,268	26.0%
344.	Alfred U.	109,022	99.8%	$428,199	23.9%
345.	Champlain College	65,728	99.8%	$427,506	28.3%
346.	Southeastern U. (Fla.)	27,296	96.5%	$426,330	29.9%
347.	Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine	10,313	100.0%	$425,986	44.7%
348.	Niagara U.	57,501	99.6%	$423,765	34.3%
349.	Pratt Institute	1,934	0.0%	$422,687	10.8%
350.	Milwaukee School of Engineering	110,248	99.9%	$421,992	58.8%
351.	Austin College	5,464	52.5%	$419,742	40.4%
352.	Southern Adventist U.	657	26.6%	$415,000	28.8%
353.	Caldwell U.	50,517	99.8%	$410,753	46.6%
354.	Moravian College	30,747	99.5%	$410,179	38.6%
355.	Stevenson U.	73,361	99.4%	$408,630	37.3%
356.	King’s College (Pa.)*	-	-	$408,388	32.5%
357.	U. of Findlay (Ohio)	79,159	99.5%	$407,610	43.7%
358.	Buena Vista U.	41,131	97.2%	$407,269	44.2%
359.	Wilmington U. (Del.)	137,203	100.0%	$405,854	25.8%
360.	Mississippi College	32,674	97.8%	$404,733	29.8%
361.	U. of St. Thomas (Tex.)	74,469	99.8%	$403,801	36.5%
362.	Sage Colleges	65,412	99.6%	$403,642	28.8%
363.	Susquehanna U.	76,867	99.3%	$402,988	29.1%
364.	Ave Maria School of Law	29,865	98.5%	$402,945	49.2%
365.	Whitworth U.	43,534	96.4%	$401,829	29.6%
366.	Point Loma Nazarene U.	1,611	0.0%	$401,280	27.4%
367.	Rhodes College	92,000	100.0%	$401,255	27.2%
368.	Saint John’s U. (Minn.)	44,855	99.5%	$401,251	22.9%
369.	Goucher College	64,298	98.7%	$401,070	24.8%
370.	Hendrix College	83,911	99.5%	$397,000	43.5%
371.	Soka U. of America	55,755	99.3%	$396,763	31.1%
372.	William Carey U.	26,952	98.4%	$390,656	38.8%
373.	Assumption College	45,066	95.7%	$389,518	26.6%
374.	Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences	18,081	96.3%	$388,383	42.6%
375.	Bay Path U.	58,763	99.9%	$387,718	41.0%
376.	Augustana U. (S.D.)	40,209	24.4%	$382,057	31.8%
377.	Ursinus College	28,458	96.4%	$381,795	32.9%
378.	Manhattanville College	60,824	98.5%	$380,209	29.2%
379.	College of Saint Benedict	44,757	99.7%	$377,749	20.7%
380.	Saint Xavier U.	359	98.6%	$375,660	36.2%
381.	Saint Mary’s U. of Minnesota	111,808	99.0%	$375,160	32.4%
382.	Lake Forest College	68,515	92.8%	$373,062	27.7%
383.	Salve Regina U.	69,680	99.7%	$372,355	28.1%
384.	Charles R. Drew U. of Medicine and Science	12,381	95.2%	$372,299	32.8%
385.	Wofford College	72,210	99.5%	$371,052	22.6%
386.	Berea College	30,787	92.8%	$370,582	25.0%
387.	Whittier College	275,560	100.0%	$369,986	28.6%
388.	Gardner-Webb U.	219,645	99.4%	$369,358	29.6%
389.	Roberts Wesleyan College	53,176	99.0%	$367,854	38.1%
390.	U. of Saint Joseph	56,964	100.0%	$367,238	33.5%
391.	Wabash College	37,650	94.6%	$366,143	36.9%
392.	Curry College	109,760	99.9%	$365,824	22.2%
393.	Wilkes U.	60,000	100.0%	$365,348	27.0%
394.	Elmhurst College	85,642	99.8%	$363,088	25.7%
395.	Emerson College	101,110	99.2%	$362,313	19.5%
396.	Excelsior College	81,540	100.0%	$362,088	21.3%
397.	Albright College	311,654	99.5%	$360,666	31.1%
398.	Olivet Nazarene U.	65,940	99.0%	$360,233	22.6%
399.	Wentworth Institute of Technology	77,435	99.7%	$359,300	20.9%
400.	Coe College	4,381	82.9%	$358,756	35.0%
401.	AdventHealth U.	27,926	99.9%	$351,702	33.8%
402.	Concordia U. at St. Paul	53,436	98.2%	$351,225	31.8%
403.	Lesley U.	43,151	98.9%	$350,877	20.4%
404.	Graduate Theological Union	37,907	84.9%	$350,316	11.3%
405.	Baldwin Wallace U.	74,120	99.8%	$350,314	29.5%
406.	Saint Luke’s College of Health Sciences	4,035	100.0%	$350,000	77.9%
407.	Oral Roberts U.	46,431	90.0%	$349,585	24.5%
408.	Cedar Crest College	6,094	91.6%	$347,645	44.1%
409.	Gannon U.	107,374	100.0%	$346,380	27.0%
410.	Methodist U.	54,234	94.5%	$346,192	27.2%
411.	Madonna U.	61,730	97.6%	$346,000	30.5%
412.	Thomas Jefferson School of Law	42,685	92.9%	$345,434	29.6%
413.	Good Samaritan College of Nursing and Health Science	2,207	93.7%	$345,000	51.2%
414.	Stonehill College	86,383	95.6%	$344,960	21.8%
415.	Kettering U.	53,507	99.7%	$343,907	28.0%
416.	Husson U.	35,243	98.9%	$341,631	61.1%
417.	Davenport U.	80,584	99.8%	$341,357	24.9%
418.	Roanoke College	77,919	96.6%	$341,265	25.7%
419.	La Sierra U.	110,013	68.2%	$339,375	23.1%
420.	Agnes Scott College	119,916	100.0%	$337,977	38.7%
421.	Dominican U. of California	30,100	99.7%	$336,627	23.0%
422.	U. of Pikeville	65,504	99.7%	$330,560	29.1%
423.	Otterbein U.	73,571	96.9%	$330,449	23.9%
424.	Hampshire College	38,469	98.0%	$329,178	17.0%
425.	Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Chicago	109,494	99.6%	$328,882	79.3%
426.	Mitchell Hamline College of Law	17,067	82.4%	$328,150	23.1%
427.	Union Institute & U.	86,666	100.0%	$327,708	50.9%
428.	Palmer College of Chiropractic	10,919	78.9%	$326,096	21.9%
429.	Asbury Theological Seminary	35,240	0.0%	$324,101	19.4%
430.	Western Governors U.	18,450	100.0%	$321,167	53.7%
431.	Houston Baptist U.	57,260	99.9%	$320,865	37.2%
432.	U. of Evansville	22,000	100.0%	$318,863	26.1%
433.	Albany Law School	38,510	75.1%	$316,308	22.4%
434.	Rivier U.	58,183	99.7%	$314,946	28.2%
435.	Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology	41,756	98.9%	$314,003	29.0%
436.	St. Norbert College	101,169	99.7%	$313,003	28.0%
437.	Augsburg U.	45,010	94.3%	$307,611	23.2%
438.	Fairleigh Dickinson U.	127,465	99.0%	$307,579	20.0%
439.	Meredith College	46,896	98.5%	$307,065	22.7%
440.	American International College	1,379	86.7%	$306,923	45.0%
441.	Birmingham-Southern College	45,713	88.1%	$304,164	27.2%
442.	Franciscan U. of Steubenville	54,092	98.9%	$304,111	42.5%
443.	College of New Rochelle (N.Y.)	95,222	99.1%	$303,723	19.8%
444.	Cairn U.	58,429	98.5%	$303,236	38.5%
445.	William James College	68,139	100.0%	$303,049	50.8%
446.	Brigham Young U.-Hawaii	300,113	100.0%	$302,519	24.9%
447.	Pennsylvania College of Health Sciences	13,529	99.3%	$302,506	43.5%
448.	Westmont College	391,480	99.7%	$301,596	35.0%
449.	Saint Francis U. (Pa.)	172,221	99.2%	$300,889	28.1%
	Over all for 449 institutions	45,852,460	85.6%	$859,290,741	29.5%

* These institutions did not list any figures for serial titles in the Integrated Postsecondary Educational Data System and were given an opportunity to supply figures directly to The Chronicle, which a few of them did. Columbia Libraries reported that it no longer tracks the totals of serial subscriptions. Columbia Libraries no longer tracks the number of serials subscriptions. King’s College, in Pennsylvania, reported that, though it does make nearly 80,000 e-serial titles available to its library users through individual databases and aggregations like Ebscohost, those titles are not counted in the Ipeds comparison data because they are not listed in the online catalog. Montana State University at Bozeman provided a total for serial titles to The Chronicle but did not have a breakdown of physical versus electronic serials. University of Iowa Libraries reported that 2016-17 figures were unavailable because the library system migrated to a new data system that year.

Note: Academic libraries at institutions that are eligible to participate in federal Title IV financial-aid programs and that spent at least $300,000 on continuing subscriptions in 2016-17 were included in this analysis. “Continuing commitments to subscriptions” covers payments for publications issued in successive parts, like periodicals, newspapers, annual reports and yearbooks, and proceedings. The numbers of physical and electronic serial titles are determined by counting only those periodicals that are accessible through the library’s catalog or discovery system. Electronic serials are periodical publications that are published in digital form to be displayed on a computer screen. Open-access titles are included if the individual titles are searchable through the library’s catalog or discovery system, except that e-serial titles from HathiTrust, the Center for Research Libraries, Internet Archive, and similar collections are not counted unless the library owns the digitized item and it is accessible under current copyright law. Colleges that do not report any print and/or serial titles may make their serial titles available by means that make them fall outside the definition of the U.S. Department of Education’s Integrated Postsecondary Educational Data System, or IPEDS, such as through links in individual databases or through aggregated research platforms like Ebscohost. Questions or comments on the Chronicle List should be sent to Ruth Hammond.

Source: Chronicle analysis of U.S. Department of Education data