About twice as many new managers were hired in the fall of 2016 compared with the fall of 2013, though the total number of managers in higher education increased only 5 percent during that period. More than 55 percent of all new hires for the fall of 2016 were female, and more than 56 percent of all managers in higher education were female. All racial and ethnic minority groups except American Indians made small gains in representation from 2013 to 2016, as the representation of non-Hispanic whites among managers dropped by two percentage points, from almost 80 percent to almost 78 percent. For comparison, only 57 percent of students enrolled in college in the fall of 2016 were white. Management had the highest percentage of racial and ethnic minorities in the two-year for-profit sector and the lowest percentage in the four-year private nonprofit sector, both for new hires and over all.
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4-year public institutions
| New managers, fall 2016 | 6,967 | 3,762 | 40 | 339 | 940 | 425 | 18 | 4,653 | 88 | 69 | 395 |
| Percentage of all new managers | 100.0% | 54.0% | 0.6% | 5.2% | 14.5% | 6.5% | 0.3% | 71.6% | 1.4% | 1.0% | 5.7% |
| New managers, fall 2013 | 3,588 | 1,773 | 17 | 126 | 428 | 189 | 4 | 2,537 | 30 | 36 | 221 |
| Percentage of all new managers | 100.0% | 49.4% | 0.5% | 3.8% | 12.8% | 5.7% | 0.1% | 76.2% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 6.2% |
| All managers, fall 2016 | 114,430 | 63,000 | 642 | 4,739 | 11,710 | 6,706 | 128 | 86,554 | 1,094 | 603 | 2,254 |
| Percentage of all managers | 100.0% | 55.1% | 0.6% | 4.2% | 10.5% | 6.0% | 0.1% | 77.6% | 1.0% | 0.5% | 2.0% |
| All managers, fall 2013 | 105,018 | 55,989 | 565 | 3,934 | 10,629 | 5,421 | 94 | 81,160 | 707 | 1,926 | 582 |
| Percentage of all managers | 100.0% | 53.3% | 0.6% | 3.8% | 10.4% | 5.3% | 0.1% | 79.2% | 0.7% | 1.8% | 0.6% |
4-year private nonprofit institutions
| New managers, fall 2016 | 8,153 | 4,581 | 19 | 409 | 968 | 424 | 16 | 5,675 | 113 | 52 | 477 |
| Percentage of all new managers | 100.0% | 56.2% | 0.2% | 5.4% | 12.7% | 5.6% | 0.2% | 74.4% | 1.5% | 0.6% | 5.9% |
| New managers, fall 2013 | 3,700 | 2,016 | 7 | 164 | 399 | 170 | 6 | 2,706 | 38 | 26 | 184 |
| Percentage of all new managers | 100.0% | 54.5% | 0.2% | 4.7% | 11.4% | 4.9% | 0.2% | 77.5% | 1.1% | 0.7% | 5.0% |
| All managers, fall 2016 | 97,364 | 54,740 | 271 | 4,096 | 8,349 | 5,022 | 141 | 75,599 | 956 | 393 | 2,537 |
| Percentage of all managers | 100.0% | 56.2% | 0.3% | 4.3% | 8.8% | 5.3% | 0.1% | 80.1% | 1.0% | 0.4% | 2.6% |
| All managers, fall 2013 | 95,210 | 52,909 | 305 | 3,386 | 7,796 | 4,281 | 127 | 76,208 | 700 | 457 | 1,950 |
| Percentage of all managers | 100.0% | 55.6% | 0.3% | 3.6% | 8.4% | 4.6% | 0.1% | 82.1% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 2.0% |
4-year for-profit institutions
| New managers, fall 2016 | 613 | 355 | 2 | 23 | 69 | 46 | 5 | 399 | 11 | 0 | 58 |
| Percentage of all new managers | 100.0% | 57.9% | 0.4% | 4.1% | 12.4% | 8.3% | 0.9% | 71.9% | 2.0% | 0.0% | 9.5% |
| New managers, fall 2013 | 270 | 150 | 0 | 15 | 19 | 25 | 0 | 180 | 5 | 1 | 25 |
| Percentage of all new managers | 100.0% | 55.6% | 0.0% | 6.1% | 7.8% | 10.2% | 0.0% | 73.8% | 2.0% | 0.4% | 9.3% |
| All managers, fall 2016 | 8,161 | 4,668 | 21 | 344 | 816 | 613 | 26 | 5,808 | 185 | 3 | 345 |
| Percentage of all managers | 100.0% | 57.2% | 0.3% | 4.4% | 10.4% | 7.8% | 0.3% | 74.3% | 2.4% | 0.0% | 4.2% |
| All managers, fall 2013 | 8,161 | 4,467 | 31 | 324 | 829 | 468 | 21 | 5,927 | 129 | 11 | 421 |
| Percentage of all managers | 100.0% | 54.7% | 0.4% | 4.2% | 10.7% | 6.1% | 0.3% | 76.7% | 1.7% | 0.1% | 5.2% |
2-year public institutions
| New managers, fall 2016 | 2,141 | 1,200 | 19 | 70 | 379 | 163 | 4 | 1,402 | 21 | 7 | 76 |
| Percentage of all new managers | 100.0% | 56.0% | 0.9% | 3.4% | 18.4% | 7.9% | 0.2% | 68.1% | 1.0% | 0.3% | 3.5% |
| New managers, fall 2013 | 1,116 | 549 | 8 | 33 | 173 | 85 | 3 | 766 | 11 | 4 | 33 |
| Percentage of all new managers | 100.0% | 49.2% | 0.7% | 3.1% | 16.0% | 7.9% | 0.3% | 71.0% | 1.0% | 0.4% | 3.0% |
| All managers, fall 2016 | 30,949 | 18,182 | 309 | 775 | 4,029 | 2,203 | 56 | 22,714 | 245 | 66 | 552 |
| Percentage of all managers | 100.0% | 58.7% | 1.0% | 2.6% | 13.3% | 7.3% | 0.2% | 74.9% | 0.8% | 0.2% | 1.8% |
| All managers, fall 2013 | 29,734 | 17,330 | 271 | 649 | 3,682 | 1,797 | 42 | 22,582 | 181 | 73 | 457 |
| Percentage of all managers | 100.0% | 58.3% | 0.9% | 2.2% | 12.6% | 6.2% | 0.1% | 77.3% | 0.6% | 0.2% | 1.5% |
2-year private nonprofit institutions
| New managers, fall 2016 | 142 | 64 | 3 | 8 | 23 | 16 | 0 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Percentage of all new managers | 100.0% | 45.1% | 2.2% | 5.8% | 16.8% | 11.7% | 0.0% | 63.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.5% |
| New managers, fall 2013 | 46 | 24 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
| Percentage of all new managers | 100.0% | 52.2% | 2.5% | 2.5% | 15.0% | 7.5% | 0.0% | 72.5% | 0.0% | 2.2% | 10.9% |
| All managers, fall 2016 | 865 | 479 | 18 | 19 | 92 | 56 | 1 | 623 | 8 | 1 | 47 |
| Percentage of all managers | 100.0% | 55.4% | 2.2% | 2.3% | 11.3% | 6.9% | 0.1% | 76.3% | 1.0% | 0.1% | 5.4% |
| All managers, fall 2013 | 830 | 476 | 26 | 7 | 90 | 50 | 0 | 613 | 2 | 1 | 41 |
| Percentage of all managers | 100.0% | 57.3% | 3.3% | 0.9% | 11.4% | 6.3% | 0.0% | 77.8% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 4.9% |
2-year for-profit institutions
| New managers, fall 2016 | 359 | 179 | 2 | 9 | 74 | 40 | 2 | 217 | 6 | 0 | 9 |
| Percentage of all new managers | 100.0% | 49.9% | 0.6% | 2.6% | 21.1% | 11.4% | 0.6% | 62.0% | 1.7% | 0.0% | 2.5% |
| New managers, fall 2013 | 185 | 106 | 1 | 7 | 41 | 22 | 0 | 97 | 2 | 0 | 15 |
| Percentage of all new managers | 100.0% | 57.3% | 0.6% | 4.1% | 24.1% | 12.9% | 0.0% | 57.1% | 1.2% | 0.0% | 8.1% |
| All managers, fall 2016 | 3,210 | 1,929 | 14 | 110 | 557 | 325 | 9 | 1,992 | 74 | 0 | 129 |
| Percentage of all managers | 100.0% | 60.1% | 0.5% | 3.6% | 18.1% | 10.5% | 0.3% | 64.7% | 2.4% | 0.0% | 4.0% |
| All managers, fall 2013 | 3,382 | 1,975 | 20 | 101 | 506 | 287 | 7 | 2,239 | 43 | 2 | 177 |
| Percentage of all managers | 100.0% | 58.4% | 0.6% | 3.2% | 15.8% | 9.0% | 0.2% | 69.9% | 1.3% | 0.1% | 5.2% |
All institutions
| New managers, fall 2016 | 18,375 | 10,141 | 85 | 858 | 2,453 | 1,114 | 45 | 12,433 | 239 | 128 | 1,020 |
| Percentage of all new managers | 100.0% | 55.2% | 0.5% | 5.0% | 14.2% | 6.5% | 0.3% | 72.2% | 1.4% | 0.7% | 5.6% |
| New managers, fall 2013 | 8,905 | 4,618 | 34 | 346 | 1,066 | 494 | 13 | 6,315 | 86 | 68 | 483 |
| Percentage of all new managers | 100.0% | 51.9% | 0.4% | 4.1% | 12.8% | 5.9% | 0.2% | 75.6% | 1.0% | 0.8% | 5.4% |
| All managers, fall 2016 | 254,979 | 142,998 | 1,275 | 10,083 | 25,553 | 14,925 | 361 | 193,290 | 2,562 | 1,066 | 5,864 |
| Percentage of all managers | 100.0% | 56.1% | 0.5% | 4.1% | 10.3% | 6.0% | 0.1% | 77.9% | 1.0% | 0.4% | 2.3% |
| All managers, fall 2013 | 242,335 | 133,146 | 1,218 | 8,401 | 23,532 | 12,304 | 291 | 188,729 | 1,762 | 1,126 | 4,972 |
| Percentage of all managers | 100.0% | 54.9% | 0.5% | 3.6% | 10.0% | 5.2% | 0.1% | 79.9% | 0.7% | 0.5% | 2.1% |
Note: This table includes managers at two-year and four-year degree-granting institutions in the United States that are eligible to receive Title IV federal financial aid. Percentages of nonresident aliens and people whose race or ethnicity was unknown are of the total for each group, but percentages of the seven racial or ethnic groups were calculated by dividing them into the total, minus the numbers of nonresident aliens and people whose race was unknown. “Hispanic” managers may be of any race. “New managers” for the fall of 2016 consist of full-time managers who were hired from November 1, 2015, to October 31, 2016. “New managers” for the fall of 2013 consist of people hired full time from November 1, 2012, to October 31, 2013. “All managers” include both full-time and part-time people at that level. “Managers” include higher-education administrators like presidents, vice presidents, deans, directors, and department chairs (including assistants and associates for those titles) as long as their principal activity is administrative and not primarily instruction, research, or public service. The group also includes managers of administrative services, computer and information systems, finances, human resources, marketing, public relations, operations, and other services, and assistant and associate managers who spent more than 80 percent of their time performing supervisory activities. Fall 2013 is the earliest time period for which comparable data were available. Questions or comments on the Almanac should be sent to the Almanac editor.
Source: Chronicle analysis of U.S. Department of Education data