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What Does It Cost to Run a Lab?

Cancer research is expensive. Here are the price tags.
Research Expenses
Text by Jennifer Ruark, photographs by Ash Ponders, video by Ash Ponders and Michael Theis, interactive by Ron Coddington July 3, 2025
Wednesday, June 11, 2025 Tucson, Arizona—Doctor Andrew Capaldi poses for a portrait at his lab at the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona on Wednesday, June 11, 2025. CREDIT: Ash Ponders for Chronicle
Capaldi Lab—
Andrew P. CapaldiAsh Ponders for Chronicle

Ten years ago, biologists who wanted to figure out how cancers grow could measure the signaling inside cells, one protein at a time. Today, they can measure 20,000 proteins at once. They do that with mass-spectrometry machines, two of which can be found at the University of Arizona. Each costs $800,000.

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Wednesday, June 11, 2025 Tucson, Arizona—Doctor Andrew Capaldi poses for a portrait at his lab at the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona on Wednesday, June 11, 2025. CREDIT: Ash Ponders for Chronicle
Capaldi Lab—
Andrew P. CapaldiAsh Ponders for Chronicle

Ten years ago, biologists who wanted to figure out how cancers grow could measure the signaling inside cells, one protein at a time. Today, they can measure 20,000 proteins at once. They do that with mass-spectrometry machines, two of which can be found at the University of Arizona. Each costs $800,000.

“These instruments are incredibly expensive and hard to run,” says Andrew P. Capaldi, a professor of molecular and cellular biology who is among the researchers who use them. “They break down all the time” — so his lab also pays $65,000 a year for each of two service contracts. The machines, which are almost 10 years old, run nearly 24 hours a day. They will soon need to be replaced.

Those costs don’t account for even half of the expensive equipment that’s essential for Capaldi’s research. It’s all at risk, thanks to disruptions in support from the National Institutes of Health that forced Capaldi in February to suspend his most important experiments. In the spring, the university bridged the gap with an internal fund. On July 1, Capaldi’s five-year, $3.4-million NIH grant came through.

Still uncertain: Whether the NIH will cap its reimbursement of indirect costs at 15 percent — a huge drop from the 53-percent rate that the university now enjoys. The lab also relies on NIH money for the lion’s share of labor costs, which include a lab technician, several doctoral students, and three undergraduates. If Congress passes Trump’s proposed cut to the agency’s budget, of nearly 40 percent, Capaldi and everyone with an NIH grant will feel the pinch.

In June, Capaldi walked us through his lab to describe many of the other costs of doing his research.

Interactive Grid
Hover or tap an image for cost, funding, and what it does
Modified Mass Spectrometers
Modified Mass Spectrometers (2)
Purpose: Characterize molecules (used in over 100 labs)
Cost: $800,000 each (in 2015); $65,000/year for service; over $1.5 million for replacement
Funding: Indirect-cost reimbursement
Kinase Assay Kit
Kinase Assay Kit
Purpose: Measures protein-enzyme activity
Cost: $550
Funding: NIH grant
Autoclave
Autoclave
Purpose: Sterilizes the medium in which cells are grown
Cost: $50,000
Funding: Originally via indirect-cost reimbursement; replacement by donor
Balances and pH Meter
Balances and pH Meter
Purpose: Used to prepare medium
Cost: $750 (heavy balance); $2,000 (analytical); $1,000 (pH meter)
Funding: Indirect-cost reimbursement
Reagents in Cold Storage (-20°C)
Reagents in Cold Storage (-20°C)
Purpose: Cell signaling and other studies
Cost: Over $100,000
Funding: NIH grant
Centrifuge
Centrifuge
Purpose: Spins yeast/bacteria before RNA/protein purification
Cost: $47,500
Funding: Indirect-cost reimbursement
Chemical Shelf
Shelves of Chemicals
Purpose: Used for biochemical solutions and growth media
Cost: $50,000
Funding: Research grants
Fast-Protein Liquid Chromatography Machine
Fast-Protein Liquid Chromatography Machine
Purpose: Purifies proteins for study outside cells
Cost: $90,000
Funding: NIH equipment supplement
Kamran
Sterilized Bottles
Purpose: Grow cells
Cost: $45 for six 1L bottles (100L used per month)
Funding: NIH grant
–80°C Freezers
–80°C Freezers (2)
Purpose: Store 20,000+ yeast strains and reagents
Cost: $12,000 each
Funding: Indirect-cost reimbursement
Shaker Incubators
Shaker Incubators (2)
Purpose: Grow yeast/bacteria for protein work
Cost: $49,000
Funding: NIH equipment supplement
Licor Imaging Machine
Li-Cor Imaging Machine
Purpose: Detects proteins via fluorescent antibodies
Cost: $70,000
Funding: Indirect-cost reimbursement
Nikon Microscope with Live Cell Chamber
Nikon Microscope With Live-Cell Chamber
Purpose: Observes cell-signaling; maintains live-cell conditions
Cost: $250,000
Funding: NIH equipment supplement
Pipettes and Disposable Tips
Pipettes and Disposable Tips
Purpose: Transfer liquid volumes
Cost: $400/pipette; $4/box of tips (need up to 10/day)
Funding: Grant funding
Yeast Genetics Plates
Yeast Genetics Plates
Purpose: Grow yeast and isolate mutants
Cost: $30/100 plates (500 used per month)
Funding: NIH grant
Tetrad Dissection Microscope
Tetrad Dissection Microscope
Purpose: Picks individual yeast spores post-mating; used by multiple labs
Cost: $19,800
Funding: Indirect-cost reimbursement
Thermal Cycler (PCR Machine)
Thermal Cycler (PCR Machine)
Purpose: Amplifies nucleic-acid sequences
Cost: $5,000
Funding: NIH grant
Yeast Rotation Wheel
Yeast Rotation Wheel
Purpose: Rotates yeast for overnight growth
Cost: $3,000
Funding: NIH grant

A version of this article appeared in the July 18, 2025, issue.
We welcome your thoughts and questions about this article. Please email the editors or submit a letter for publication.
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